Photo by keerthivasan swaminathan on Unsplash
The truth about India is, it is facing a vast demographic change. On average 50% of the population is working under unorganised manpower in India. If this manpower is skilled India will make its way as the skill capital of the world. About 82% of manpower is employed but suffers under unorganised sector. This was the report provided by the International Labour Union in India in 2016. Earlier it was considered being the man who was falling more into this category.
But as time flew away women and children started floating into the atmosphere. This has become the biggest problem that is stopping India from becoming the largest skilled manpower country. Apart from the existence, the Indian government divided the unorganised manpower of India into subcategories.
First based on occupation, fisheries, waiver, bidi maker, construction worker, leather workers, a worker from different background like bricks maker, landless agricultural labour, sawmill, paper mill, oil mill etc;
Nature of employment – Contract based, bonded and casual labour and special anguish category i.e. Variety of labour works, depending on the shoulder or head load, & Scavengers;
Categorised on the basis of, hotel boy, ward boy, midwives, barber, masseur etc; Apart from the above four category handcraft artisans like cobblers, lady tailors, carpenters, tannery labour, rickshaw pullers, urban poor, truck and auto drivers, and handicapped self-employed person.
Unorganised skill management in India has to lead to 46 crore workers including 14 crores are female workers. The human developing index of India leads India to 134th out of 180 countries with a percentile of 0.162% where an average population lives below the poverty line.
Problems of Unorganised Labour
Near about 80-90% of workers are engaged in the informal or unorganised sector. Therefore they face a lot of intrusion in their personal life. This can be exploitation, hazardous workplace, or irrespective of work hours with a different practice.
Let us continue with the analysis of workers what they face in daily to daily:
No proper Living area near workplaces. This is a quite common problem faced by the unorganised manpower in India. The maximum number of manpower lives near their workstation but due to fewer facilities and poor food resources lead to a cluster of hygienic conditions and improper lifestyle.
Low wages are the biggest concern of any unorganised manpower in India. The minimum wages are offered to the workers or labours without even consideration of a formal or organized sector.
Information about their respective workplaces. Unskilled labour has no knowledge about the hazardous work environment. There can be any sort of hazardous work consisting of toxic chemicals, synthetically generated leads, crude materials, unguarded machinery this can lead to fatal death or suffering death.
No Paid holidays, no sick leave or overtime are provided to them. In spite of Indian law for labours is consequently been demolished by not providing any holiday leaves, overtime and sick leaves. However, on the other side informal organisation, it can be seen easily.
Fail to have a labour union/trade union. Unskilled labour doesn’t have any knowledge of these unions who hold the rule labour union. All these sectors must be assembled into one to generate a single platform for the labours.
Lack of knowledge leads to frequent fraud created by the contractor. An unorganised management system is not registered with the government and thus is not knotted to Indian government laws. They get no bonus, pension, provident fund, maternity act rules and other benefits.
Job insecurity is the commonly recognised problem of the unorganised sector. It has been found there were silly or immaterial excuses to terminate an unskilled worker.
Harassment issues with the women workers. Women working in the marketing-sales section often tremble with their office experience.
Forceful or contract labour. Labours are not educated and thus are forcefully obliged to the bond between recruiter and employee.
Prone to disease. These workers are more susceptible to disease is very common in the informal sector. Diseases like Tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, asthmatic condition, loss in vision, sight & hearing, circulatory system, and blood pressure.
What needs to be understood?
The thing that must be enlightened is the problems of the workers in the informal industry. To understand the recent social security measure that has been taken for the unorganized manpower in India to deduce these issues. To recognise the schemes and acts provided by the government to protect the unorganised labour in India.
Social measure for the unskilled management
The Indian constitution holds a strong section for unskilled labour. Starting from List III to schedule VII and both central and state were involved in the measuring responsibility of managing & protecting unskilled labour.
Labour laws were created by the Indian Government in considering enforcing the matter of unskilled workers and contractors. Instead of these strong laws, this community is facing several issues regarding the real need and requirements.
The government acclaimed the virtue of NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005) but possesses different wages in a different state. The matter of fact arises here why different pay? What they will do for the rest of the year? What about urban unskilled labour?
What measure taken by the Government?
- Every worker is eligible for the registration purpose under the UNORGANIZED WORKERS SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 2008.
- District administration must register every unorganized worker.
- Every state government is liable to be mandated to register the unskilled workers by providing a better scheme and three optimal basic security schemes by the Central Government i.e. (i) Protection for old age, (ii) Disability and Life cover, & (iii) Maternity and health benefits.
- Must implement social security schemes for unorganized worker.
- Government must identify the gaps caused by awareness, identification, implementation and accessibility in a timely manner.
- Maternity allowance, natural death compensation, education support for minor children, pension schemes for seasonal workers, and accidental relief must be a part of unskilled management in India.
- Implementation of schemes should be possessed by both central and state government to support unorganised manpower in India.
- Unorganised manpower in India need more focus thus making them skilled and equipping them with the described job in the organized sector should be considered.
Keeping all the views and considerations in managing the unorganised sector will leverage the growth rate of both India and unskilled labour.
Unorganised sector net security
The Social Security of India deals in good functions of governance, ownership and delivery structure in the unorganised sector. If this section is monitored properly there will be minimal issues to least affairs.
It is divided into sections
- National Social assistance programme
- Government organises pension schemes- LIC, AICIL and others;
- WWF – Worker Welfare Fund
- Legislation
- Other schemes
In National Social assistance programme – Indira Gandhi National Old age pension scheme, National Family benefit scheme, Annapurna scheme & Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme.
In Government organises pension schemes – Aam Admi Bima Yojna (AABY), Janshree Bima Yojna (JBY), Shiksha Sahayog Yojna (SSY), Micro-Insurance Products- Jeevan Madhur And Mangal, & Varistha Pension Bima Yojna (VPBY).
In Worker Welfare Funds (WWF) – The Dolomite And Limestone Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act 1972, Mica Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act 1946, Iron Ore, Manganese Ore Mines And Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act 1976, The Beedi Workers Welfare Fund Act 1976, The Cine Workers Welfare Fund Act 1981.
Legislation – Unorganised Workers Social Security Act 2008, Domestic Workers Act 2008, & the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
Other schemes – Mudra Bank, Atal Pension Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), & Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY).
Conclusion
Rescinding the task of handling 400 million workers in India is not easy for the administration of welfares. The existing situation and laws schemes do not match with the current scenario. The complexity is increased and turned its way from the past.
The existing system policies are somehow demolishing every effort of government and NGOs. The middleman is concise must be stopped for their pleasure and benefits for their own. Three key can solve the situation identification, participation and federal administration is the only key to solve this situation.
